Rhetoric of Bayan: From Simple Normative Reading to Functional Interactive Reading Teaching Bayan in Upper Secondary Education as a Model

Abstract

Reading clearly holds great importance in our lives, and we should practice it continuously. Every act of reading seeks understanding as its goal. To achieve this goal, our reading must be correct, active, and interactive, not merely ordinary and superficial, because the meaning we seek is often implicit and hidden behind the text.
For this reason, we need to engage with and question texts through careful and critical reading in order to reach the deeper meanings. This cannot be achieved through passing, superficial reading. Therefore, teachers should train learners in the skill of active reading of literary texts through reading, appreciation, and production.
This article focuses on the reality of teaching rhetoric in general and Bayan in particular in upper secondary education. It moves beyond superficial functional reading toward an active argumentative reading of Bayan, one that reveals implicit meanings in rhetorical examples such as simile, metaphor, metonymy, and figurative expression. The study includes a theoretical section defining concepts such as active reading, rhetoric, and Bayan, and an applied section presenting examples from Bayan while emphasizing interactive argumentative reading.